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METHODJIAND MEANS roast/(Tine mwlmt OT HE RCARRIAG ES.

SPECIFICATION fo ming m br Letters Patent No. 224,507,1dztted February 1 7, 18 80.

Application filed December 2, 1 879.

To all whom it may concern: W Be it known that I, ANArroL ANQELIN, of Paris, France, have Tinventedla certain Improvement in HeatingRailway and other (larriages, which invention is also applicable for other similar purposes,.and of which the followingis afull, clear, and exact description. Among the various methods heretofore employed for heating railway-carriages the one found to be most advantageous is that wherein boxes or cases containing hot water are used, for the reason that this method does not require the connection of the separate carriages The Water which contains the heat eflects the warming of the carriages only by virtue of its specific heatthat is to say, by reason of the caloric which is given oif in proportion of one unit for each degree of;

depression of the temperature and foreach kilogram of water; but if water is the most useful reservoir of heat in comparison with other bodies, by reason of its great calorific capacity, this advantage no longer exists when such bodies change their condition and pass from a solid to a liquid form.

The method of heatingto which this invention relates is based upon the utilization of the latent heat of fusion, and it comprises the liquefyingv by heat of suchsolid substances as possess a high degree of latent heat of fusion, so that the said liquefied substances introduced into the objects or places to be warmed give ofl not only their sensible caloric, but also the latent caloricof fusion. l

The said improved method may be employed for railway and other vehicles, for rooms, and

for a variety of purposes where heat is re quired. It may be applied to the keeping up of heat without fire for a longtime in cooking apparatus or utensils.

It will, therefore, be seen that this inven tion consists,essentially, in the novel employment for general heating purposes, and specially for warming railway-carriages, of the heat due to the solidification of substances which were solid and have been liquefied by heat for the purpose. I

The substances to be used maybe simple or composite bodies, and of either. animal, vegetable, or mineral origin.

j The following will be foundadvantageous 1 that" is to say, fatty substances, resin, wax, bituminous'and'tarry matters, mixturesin which theyare combi'nedwith other bodies, and their derivatives, such as stearic acid and paraffine, either alone or mixed. I consider as especially valuable for this purpose solutions saturatedwhen hot and those salts which, melt in their water of crystallization. Of these salts I prefer acetate of soda, which fuses at a temperature of about 60. I may also employ those salts which can be submitted to igneous fusion without decomposition, such as the acetates, the phosphates, and the like.

. It is to be understood that the bodies or substances which are most suitable for the purposes of this invention are those which are fusible at the temperature that it is desired to giveto the boxes or cases when they are in the carriages or other object to be heated. I heat the said boxes, or cases containing the acetate ofsoda or potashor other analogous salt, or one of the substances hereinbefore named, either by plunging them in a hot bath or by placing them in an inclosed space, into which a current of steam is directed. Thus heating will take place without necessitating the emptying of the boxes, whose plugs may even be soldered to prevent all chance of es-v cape. l V

The boxescontaining. the liquefied salt or other substance are placed in the cars or carriages in any, desired position, as the waterboxeshave been heretofore placed. For example, they may be located on the floor of the car or carriage, under the seats, or between them. In size the boxes will vary according to the use; but in general the size should be. such as will permit their ready removal and replacement.

The great superiority secured by the said improved method of substituting for water a solid body or substance is proved by the fact thatthe boxes containing acetate of soda remain warm six times as long as the ordinary boxes withwater, and they efiect the warming while remaining at a constant temperature during the whole of the time the substances therein are becoming solid.

Having thus fully described my said invention, and the manner in which the same. is or may be carried into efi'ect, what 1 claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The method herein described for warming railway-carriages and other vehicles, and for other purposes, which consists in liquefyiug materials of the class specified, such as the acetates and analogous salts, fatty, resinous, and tarry matters,and the like, inclosed in suitable receptacles, and serving as reservoirs of heat in contradistinction to circulating-conveyers, and eifecting' the warming required by the heat due to the solidification of such materials, substantially as described.

2. As means for warming railway carriages and for supplying heat for other purposes by the aid of the latent heat of fusion converted into sensible caloric by the solidification of a liquefied heating medium, the new article described, consisting of the two elements in com- 20 ANATOLE ANCELIN.

Witnesses GEORGE STOCKWELL, MARRUR FONTAINE. 

